Though nanoparticles are a relatively new concept, they are a widely used component in several industries. Nanoparticles are basically particles of really small in size, approximately measuring between 1 and 100 nanometers on the nanometer scale. They are defined as a smaller particle of a large element. They are known to have parallel properties as their parent element, and their transportation and properties are like that of their parent chemical.
Magnetic nanoparticles are a category of nanoparticles which have strong magnetic properties and can be influenced by using magnetic field inclines. They are usually made of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt and their chemical compounds.
Magnetic nano particles which consist of a number of individual Magnetic Particles are known as magnetic nanobeads which usually have a diameter of 50–200 nanometers.
In the field of nanotechnology, magnetic particles are an intriguing concept because of their several attractive properties. These particles make them useful in several industries such as nano material-based catalysts, biomedicine and tissue specific targeting, magnetically photonic crystals, microfluidics, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, data storage, environmental remediation, nanofluids, optical filters and defect sensor.
The Production Method Of Magnetic Particles Has A Great Effect On Their Properties
There are several ways to produce these particles; the production method must be selected carefully as is largely affects the physical and chemical properties of Magnetic Particles. Usually the particles range from 1 to 100 nm in size and may display super paramagnetism.
Magnetic nano particles can be further classified into three types - ferrites, magnetic nanoparticle with a shell and metallic magnetic nano particle with a shell. Ferrite nanoparticles are basically nanoparticles which are made of iron and are one of the most commonly used magnetic particles till date.
The metallic center of magnetic particles can be inactivated by gentle oxidation and precious metals. Nanoparticles with a magnetic center which consists either of elementary Iron or Cobalt with a nonreactive shell made of graphene have been manufactured in recent times. They have a higher stability in acidic as well as in basic solution as well as organic solvents. They are usually used to manufacture carbon nano tubes.
These particles have super paramagnetic properties which prevents self agglomeration since they exhibit their magnetic behavior only when an external magnetic field is applied.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Have Several Applications In The Electronic Industry
The exterior of a magnetite magnetic particle is relatively static and does not typically allow creation of tough bonds with molecules. However, the properties of these particles can be enhanced by adding a layer of silica onto their exterior.
Metallic nanoparticles are known to be beneficial for various technical applications because of their higher magnetic powers whereas oxides (maghemite, magnetite) are beneficial for biomedical applications.
One of the biggest drawbacks of metallic nanoparticles is that they are pyrophoric which means they react to oxidizing agents to several levels. Due to this it becomes difficult to handle them and enables unnecessary side effects which make them less appropriate for biomedical applications.
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